Subterranean Termites

Reticulitermes spp.

Ground-dwelling termites that build mud tubes and cause billions in structural damage annually.

Insect Extreme Risk

About Subterranean Termites

Subterranean termites are the most destructive termite species in the United States, causing over $5 billion in damage annually. They live in underground colonies containing hundreds of thousands to millions of termites. Workers are cream-colored, soft-bodied, and about 1/8 inch long. They require contact with soil for moisture and build distinctive mud tubes to travel between soil and wood. Colonies can forage across an area covering up to half an acre. Damage often goes undetected for years. They feed 24/7 on wood cellulose, creating hollowed-out wood that sounds hollow when tapped.

Identification

Workers: cream-colored, soft-bodied, 1/8 inch long, no wings. Soldiers: similar but with large mandibles and rectangular heads. Swarmers (reproductives): dark brown to black, 1/4-1/2 inch with equal-length wings. Shed wings near windows or doors indicate infestation.

Signs of Infestation

Mud tubes on foundation, walls, or crawl spaces (1/4-1/2 inch wide). Hollow-sounding wood. Wood that crumbles easily. Discarded wings near windows or doors (swarming season). Frass or termite droppings. Sagging floors or ceilings. Visible damage to wood structures.

Health & Safety Risks

Subterranean termites don't pose direct health risks to humans. However, their structural damage can compromise building safety. Severe infestations may affect air quality. Their presence indicates moisture problems that can lead to mold.

Prevention Tips

Eliminate wood-to-soil contact. Fix moisture problems and leaky pipes. Remove wooden debris near foundation. Ensure proper drainage away from foundation. Maintain 18-inch clearance between soil and wood siding. Store firewood away from home. Have annual professional inspections.